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1 investment expectations
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > investment expectations
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2 investment expectations
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > investment expectations
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3 expectation
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4 expectation
n
- average expectation of life
- customer's expectations
- inflationary expectation
- investment expectations
- market expectation
- mathematical expectation
- price expectation
- profit expectation
- sales expectations
- service time expectation
- expectation of loss
- expectation of profits
- expectation of rising inflation
- expectation of a steep drop in prices
- expectation of working life
- in expectation
- exceed expectations
- fall short of expectationsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > expectation
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5 expected rate of return
Finthe projected percentage return on an investment, based on the weighted probability of all possible rates of return.Abbr. ERREXAMPLEIt is calculated by the following formula:E[r]= ΣsP(s)rswhere E[r] is the expected return, P(s) is the probability that the rate rs occurs, and rs is the return at s level.The following example illustrates the principle which the formula expresses.The current price of ABC Inc. stock is trading at $10. At the end of the year, ABC shares are projected to be traded:25% higher if economic growth exceeds expectations—a probability of 30%;12% higher if economic growth equals expectations—a probability of 50%;5% lower if economic growth falls short of expectations—a probability of 20%.To find the expected rate of return, simply multiply the percentages by their respective probabilities and add the results:(30% × 25%) + (50% × 12%) + (25% × –5%) = 7.5 + 6 + –1.25 = 12.25% ERRA second example:if economic growth remains robust (a 20% probability), investments will return 25%;if economic growth ebbs, but still performs adequately (a 40% probability), investments will return 15%;if economic growth slows significantly (a 30% probability), investments will return 5%;if the economy declines outright (a 10% probability), investments will return 0%.Therefore:(20% × 25%) + (40% × 15%) + (30% × 5%) + (10% × 0%) = 5% + 6% + 1.5% + 0% = 12.5% ERR. -
6 inflation
сущ.1) общ. надувание; наполнение (газом)2) сокр. INFL эк. инфляция (рост общего уровня цен или цен отдельной группы товаров; обычно вызывается увеличением денежной массы или неблагоприятным изменением условий предложения)long-lasting inflation — длительная [продолжительная, устойчивая\] инфляция
See:actual inflation, administrative inflation, autonomous inflation, bottleneck inflation, built-in inflation, core inflation, cost-push inflation, credit inflation, demand-pull inflation, galloping inflation, hyperinflation, imported inflation, induced inflation, monetary inflation, profit inflation, profit-push inflation, sellers' inflation, structural inflation, tax-push inflation, inflation expectations, inflation hedge, inflation premium, inflation proofing, inflation rate, inflation risk, adjustment for inflation, employment-inflation trade-off, inflation guard endorsement, inflation-indexed fund, inflation-indexed security, inflation-proof investment, inflation-proof security, unit labour cost, average hourly earnings, import prices, export prices, consumer price index, producer price index, business cycle, fundamental analysis, economic indicator, gross domestic product deflator, index-linked, adjusted historical cost, anti-inflationary policy, Black Tuesday, disinflation, deflation, employment cost index, flation, functional finance, general price level, incomes policy, index of prices received by farmers, inflationary issue, deflator, indexation, reflate
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инфляция: ситуация в экономике, характеризуемая ростом цен товаров и услуг; причины инфляции могут быть в эмиссии денег, дефиците бюджета, увеличении спроса на кредит, росте издержек предприятий (напр., из-за требований повышения зарплаты); в результате денежная масса в обращении становится больше товарной, и это ведет к росту цен; высокая инфляция вынуждает экономических агентов защищаться путем перевода средств в реальные активы, что опасно для нормального функционирования финансовой системы; см. cost-push inflation;* * *. Процент, на который повышается общий уровень цен на товары и услуги . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валютачрезмерное увеличение находящейся в обращении массы бумажных денег; обесценение бумажных денег, находящихся в обращении, падение их покупательной способности-----обесценение денег, расстройство кредитно-денежной системы, проявляющиеся, прежде всего, в общем и неравномерном росте цен на товары и услуги; ведет к перераспределению национального дохода (национального богатства) в ущерб всех слоев населения, имеющих фиксированные доходы -
7 BUSINESS/TRADE CYCLE
Экономический цикл
Колебания экономической активности, чередование периодов экономического подъема и спада. Рассмотрим график.
Экономический цикл характеризуется четырьмя стадиями: депрессией, периодом стремительного снижения совокупного спроса, крайне низким уровнем производства и высоким уровнем безработицы (дно цикла (trough)); оживлением, при котором наблюдается рост совокупного спроса и производства, а также сокращение безработицы; бумом, когда совокупный спрос сначала достигает максимального уровня, а затем начинает превышать его (потенциальный валовый национальный продукт), при этом достигается полная занятость ресурсов, а избыточный спрос ведет к росту общего уровня цен (пик цикла (peak)); спадом экономической активности. На этом этапе начинает снижаться совокупный спрос, что влечет за собойспад производства и занятости. По мере дальнейшего падения спроса начинается экономический кризис. Одной из причин колебаний экономической активности является непостоянный характер инвестиций в основной капитал и материально-производственные запасы, что связано с ожиданиями (см. Expectations), каким будет спрос в будущем. В верхней точке цикла доход начинает выравниваться, и инвестиции в новые производственные мощности«догоняют» спрос (см. Accelerator). Это влечет за собой сокращение производных инвестиций (см. Induced investment) и через отрицательный эффект мультипликатора приводит к снижению национального дохода, что вызывает еще большее сокращение инвестиций. В нижней точке цикла инвестиции могут увеличиться по внешним причинам, например, вследствие введения новых технологий, или за счет возобновления инвестиций на замещение элементов основного капитала. В этом случае рост инвестиций через положительный эффект мультипликатора приведет к росту национального дохода и производных инвестиций. См. также Demand management, Kondratief cycle, Secular stagnation. Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > BUSINESS/TRADE CYCLE
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8 short
short [ʃɔ:t]court-métrage ⇒ 1 (a) court ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c), 2 (d) petit ⇒ 2 (b) brusque ⇒ 2 (f), 2 (g) short ⇒ 9 (a)1 noun(a) (in length) court;∎ her dress is too short/shorter than yours sa robe est trop courte/plus courte que la tienne;∎ to have short hair avoir les cheveux courts;∎ familiar figurative to have sb by the short hairs or British by the short and curlies avoir qn à sa merci□, pouvoir faire ce qu'on veut de qn□ ;∎ to be short in the leg (trousers) être court;∎ it's short in the arms (jacket) les manches sont trop courtes;∎ skirts are getting shorter and shorter les jupes raccourcissent de plus en plus ou sont de plus en plus courtes;∎ the editor made the article shorter by a few hundred words le rédacteur a raccourci l'article de quelques centaines de mots;∎ a short history of France un précis d'histoire de France;∎ short and to the point bref et précis;∎ to be in short trousers être en culottes courtes;∎ short back and sides (haircut) coupe f dégagée sur la nuque et les oreilles(b) (in height → person) petit, de petite taille;∎ he's short and stocky il est petit et râblé∎ a straight line is the shortest distance between two points la ligne droite est le plus court chemin entre deux points;∎ what's the shortest way home? quel est le chemin le plus court pour rentrer?;∎ it's shorter this way c'est plus court par ici;∎ we took the shortest route nous avons pris le chemin le plus court;∎ to go for a short walk faire une petite promenade;∎ a few short miles away à quelques kilomètres de là à peine;∎ at short range à courte portée;∎ how could he have missed at such short range? comment a-t-il pu rater de si près?;∎ it's only a short distance from here ce n'est pas très loin (d'ici);∎ she lives a short distance from the church elle n'habite pas très loin de l'église;∎ they continued for a short distance ils ont poursuivi un peu leur chemin;∎ Sport to win/to lose by a short head gagner/perdre d'une courte tête(d) (not lasting long → period, interval) court, bref;∎ a short stay un court séjour;∎ you should take a short holiday vous devriez prendre quelques jours de vacances;∎ we've just got time for a short game nous avons juste le temps de faire une petite partie;∎ at short intervals à intervalles rapprochés;∎ after a short time après un court intervalle ou un petit moment;∎ to have a short memory avoir la mémoire courte;∎ for a short time I thought of becoming an actress pendant quelque temps, j'ai pensé devenir actrice;∎ she was in London for a short time elle a passé quelque temps à Londres;∎ I met him a short time or while later je l'ai rencontré peu (de temps) après;∎ it's rather short notice to invite them for tonight c'est un peu juste pour les inviter ce soir;∎ time's getting short il ne reste plus beaucoup de temps;∎ a few short hours/years ago il y a à peine quelques heures/années;∎ the days are getting shorter les jours raccourcissent;∎ to demand shorter hours/a shorter working week exiger une réduction des heures de travail/une réduction du temps de travail hebdomadaire;∎ to be on short time faire des journées réduites;∎ she made a short speech elle a fait un court ou petit discours;∎ he read out a short statement il a lu une courte ou brève déclaration;∎ I'd just like to say a few short words j'aimerais dire quelques mots très brefs;∎ the short answer is "no" en deux mots, la réponse est "non";∎ in short order en vitesse;∎ he dealt with the naughty children in short order il a eu vite fait de s'occuper de ces enfants désobéissants;∎ to be short and sweet être bref;∎ I'll keep it short and sweet je serai bref;∎ ironic her stay with us was short and sweet heureusement, son séjour chez nous fut de courte durée;∎ in the short run à court terme∎ HF is short for high frequency HF est l'abréviation de haute fréquence;∎ Bill is short for William Bill est un diminutif de William∎ she tends to be a bit short with people elle a tendance à être un peu brusque avec les gens;∎ Mary was very short with me on the telephone Mary a été très sèche avec moi au téléphone;∎ to have a short temper être irascible, s'emporter facilement(g) (sudden → sound, action) brusque;∎ her breath came in short gasps elle avait le souffle court;∎ he gave a short laugh il eut un rire bref;∎ short, sharp shock = punition sévère mais de courte durée;∎ short, sharp shock treatment = régime pénal des années 80-90 où les jeunes délinquants étaient détenus pour une courte période dans des conditions très sévères destinées à décourager la récidive(h) (lacking, insufficient)∎ to give sb short weight ne pas donner le bon poids à qn;∎ money is short on manque d'argent, l'argent manque;∎ whisky is in short supply on manque ou on est à court de whisky;∎ it is 2 francs short il manque 2 francs;∎ I am 20 francs short il me manque 20 francs;∎ to be short of staff manquer de personnel;∎ to be short of sleep n'avoir pas assez dormi;∎ I'm a bit short (of money) at the moment je suis un peu à court (d'argent) en ce moment;∎ he's a bit short on imagination il manque un peu d'imagination;∎ a short drink un petit verre(j) Linguistics bref∎ bills at short date billets mpl ou traites fpl à courte échéance(m) (in betting → odds) faible3 adverb∎ to stop short s'arrêter net;∎ the driver stopped short just in front of the child le conducteur s'arrêta net juste devant l'enfant;∎ to stop short of doing sth se retenir de faire qch;∎ she stopped short of actually calling him a liar pour un peu, elle le traitait de menteur;∎ to pull or to bring sb up short couper qn dans son élan∎ his winnings fell far short of what he had expected ses gains ont été bien moindres que ce à quoi il s'attendait;∎ to go short of sth manquer de qch;∎ my children never went short (of anything) mes enfants n'ont jamais manqué de rien;∎ I don't want you to go short je ne veux pas que tu manques de quoi que ce soit;∎ to run short (of sth) être à court (de qch);∎ we're running short of fuel/money/sugar nous sommes presque à court de carburant/d'argent/de sucre;∎ supplies are running short les provisions sont presque épuisées;∎ time is running short le temps commence à manquer;∎ to buy short acheter à court terme;∎ to sell short vendre à découvertElectricity court-circuiterElectricity se mettre en court-circuit∎ they call him Ben for short on l'appelle Ben pour faire plus court;∎ trinitrotoluene, or TNT for short le trinitrotoluène ou TNT en abrégé(en) bref∎ he would do anything short of stealing il ferait tout sauf voler;∎ nothing short of a miracle can save him now seul un miracle pourrait le sauver maintenant;∎ short of resigning, what can I do? à part démissionner, que puis-je faire?∎ they were £50 short of their target il leur manquait 50 livres pour atteindre la somme qu'ils s'étaient fixée;∎ he is not far short of thirty il frise la trentaine;∎ it is little short of folly c'est de la folie (pure);∎ it was nothing short of a masterpiece ce n'était rien moins qu'un chef-d'œuvre∎ a pair of khaki shorts un short kaki;(b) Stock Exchange valeurs fpl à courte échéance∎ to have the shorts (have little money) être fauché, être raide►► Finance & Stock Exchange short bills billets mpl ou traites fpl à courte échéance;Australian short black café m express, express m;short break (holiday) mini-séjour m;Electricity short circuit court-circuit m;Stock Exchange short covering couverture f de position;Mathematics short division division f à un ou deux chiffres;short game (in golf) petit jeu m;Finance & Stock Exchange short investment investissement m à court terme;Finance & Stock Exchange short loan prêt m à court terme;Cookery short pastry pâte f brisée;Finance short payment moins-perçu m;Finance & Stock Exchange short position position f vendeur, position f à découvert;Literature short story nouvelle f;Linguistics short syllable syllabe f brève;short tennis tennis m pour enfants;short ton tonne f (américaine), short ton f;Linguistics short vowel voyelle f brève;Radio short wave onde f courte;∎ on short wave sur ondes courtes
См. также в других словарях:
expectations — ex‧pec‧ta‧tions [ˌekspekˈteɪʆnz] noun [plural] 1. ECONOMICS what people in the business world believe will happen in the economy in the future. Expectations are important because they affect the level of investment in an economy: • The current… … Financial and business terms
investment — /in vest meuhnt/, n. 1. the investing of money or capital in order to gain profitable returns, as interest, income, or appreciation in value. 2. a particular instance or mode of investing. 3. a thing invested in, as a business, a quantity of… … Universalium
Investment Style — The overarching strategy or theory used by either a retail investor or an institutional money manager to set asset allocation and choose individual securities for investment. The investment style of a fund helps set expectations for long term… … Investment dictionary
Rational expectations — is an assumption used in many contemporary macroeconomic models, and also in other areas of contemporary economics and game theory and in other applications of rational choice theory. Since most macroeconomic models today study decisions over… … Wikipedia
Diamonds as an investment — An uncut diamond, not showing the prized optical properties of cut and polished versions. Contents 1 History 2 Price … Wikipedia
marginal efficiency of investment — ▪ economics in economics, expected rates of return on investment as additional units of investment are made under specified conditions and over a stated period of time. A comparison of these rates with the going rate of interest may be used … Universalium
Global Investment House — (Global): is a full fledged investment company incorporated in 1998, and falls under the regulation of the Central Bank of Kuwait.Its underlying foundation is to meet the high expectations of local and international clients, and to enhance the… … Wikipedia
Adaptive Expectations Hypothesis — A hypothesis stating that individuals make investment decisions based on the direction of recent historical data, such as past inflation rates, and adjust the data (based on their expectations) to predict future rates. For example, if inflation… … Investment dictionary
Return-to-maturity expectations — A variant of pure expectations theory which suggests that the return that an investor will realize by rolling over short term bonds to some investment horizon will be the same as holding a zero coupon bond with a maturity that is the same as that … Financial and business terms
return-to-maturity expectations — A variant of pure expectations theory that suggests that the return an investor will realize by rolling over short term bonds to some investment horizon will be the same as holding a zero coupon bond with a maturity that is the same as that… … Financial and business terms
Local expectations theory — A form of the pure expectations theory which suggests that the returns on bonds of different maturities will be the same over a short term investment horizon. The New York Times Financial Glossary … Financial and business terms
